Secrets of Great Breads

Often we field questions about making great bread. Great bread is a matter of using the right ingredients and the right techniques-there's no single secret that will make perfect bread. But really great bread is readily attainable. We've compiled our list of what goes into great bread.

1. The right flour.

2. An understanding of yeast.

3. A good dough conditioner.

4. A baker's thermometer.

Now this isn't everything that goes into great bread but the baker that is armed with these four tools are likely to be baking great bread.

Recently we stated that if there is a secret ingredient that bakers use it's the flour. So we put the right flour on the top of our list.

To understand how important flour is, you need to understand just a little about gluten. Gluten strands are formed from the proteins naturally occurring in wheat flour. It's what gives bread its chewy texture. If you use a flour with a higher percentage of protein, you will have more gluten. Most commercial bread bakers are going to use flours with 10 to 14% protein--bread flour.

Commercial bakers have access to dozens of different flours. If you want really good bread, buy a good quality bread flour--even if you have to make a deal with a local baker.

If you buy your flour at the grocery store be aware that all flours are not equal. For bread you want a bread flour. Name brands are likely to do a better job of holding to a specification and will provide more consistent results. You can get an idea of the protein content from the nutrition label. Divide the grams of protein by the grams in the serving size to get the approximate percentage of protein in the flour (subject to rounding error). For home baking, you want at least ten percent and preferably higher.

Yeast is a living organism. The gases expelled by the growing yeast are what leavens the bread. The skilled baker recognizes that with the dough, he or she is culturing a living organism and that the yeast must be growing in the right culture to create the gases to make light airy bread. The right culture is primarily a function of moisture, temperature, and pH or the acidity level.

This brings us to dough conditioner. Dough conditioner alters the pH of the dough (among other things) so that it enhances the growth of the yeast and it makes the dough more extensible. All else being equal, dough conditioner can make a good bread great.

You can buy dough conditioner (or dough enhancer as it is sometimes called) in some grocery stores or you can get our dough conditioner. Ours is a commercial dough conditioner that we have found to be very good and that we use in all our breads.

And finally, a thermometer has been called the baker's secret weapon. We would not think of making bread without one. We use it to measure water temperature. (When we use our bread machines, we measure the water temperature to exactly 80 degrees--not one degree off. When we make bread in our stand-type mixer or by hand, we use water between 100 degrees and 110 degrees.) We nearly always measure the temperature of the bread when it comes from the oven. And you can use a thermometer to measure the temperature of the dough to make sure that you have the right temperature for your yeast to thrive in. You can buy an insta-read thermometer at most department stores but as a convenience, we offer a baker's thermometer on our site.

If you don't have a free copy of Baking Ingredients and How They Work, we recommend that you get one. There is no obligation--you can download it and print it for free.

Dennis Weaver is the general manager at The Prepared Pantry (http://www.preparedpantry.com) with recipes, ideas, and the best selection of mixes and ingredients. Visit the free Bakers' Library for more articles like this, free baking guides, and tested recipes.

Cara Buono shares cooking tips but no 'Mad Men' secrets USA Today By Dan MacMedan, USA TODAY By Donna Freydkin, USA TODAY At the stove, that is, as she tastes perfectly al dente pasta that has just finished cooking. ... and more »

Cooking tips: How to make breakfast toast more interesting Helium Toast is a pretty good breakfast, especially if the bread is wholemeal. It is fast, easy and provides lots of slow release carbohydrates ...

cook smart Tampabay.com Still, it's nice to have some handy cooking tips tucked away. Here are 25 that can save the day or just help you better understand common kitchen science. ...

Center dishes out cooking tips Cannon Connections The smell of black bean sauce and five-spice powder filled the room as the Cantonese cooking demonstration began to heat up at the Airman and Family ...

WealthTV Picks Up "Healthy Gourment" Broadcasting & Cable It delivers a high level of entertainment with plenty of laughs while providing informative healthy cooking tips that we can all use. ...

Humble, versatile chicken plays many menu roles San Angelo Standard Times She can be reached at rashda@rashdakhan.com follow her @SpiceBites on Twitter for more kitchen adventures, cooking tips and local food happenings.

Feed My Sheep: eating with friends Tehachapi News He's taken up watching the food channel for cooking tips. White, who was instrumental in jump-starting the program from a vision to reality, had previously ...

Weight-wise cooking tips Payson Roundup It's certainly possible to eat healthy without spending a lot of time shopping, preparing and cooking. With just a little preparation and forethought, ...

Jamie's cooking tips are Flintshire mum's recipe to success The Leader - Wrexham & Flintshire news The 35-year-old, who works part-time as a school secretary, cooks nothing but the TV chef's recipes. So she was delighted when she not only got the chance ...

Minnesota pork producing families look forward to the Minnesota State Fair Sleepy Eye Herald Dispatch By Anonymous Pork recipes, pork cooking tips and giveaways will be handed out by Minnesota's pork producing families eager to meet Minnesota State Fair ... and more »